The art of science of agriculture
Agriculture is both an art and a science, encompassing the cultivation of soil, crop growth, and the raising of livestock. It involves preparing plant and animal products for human use and distributing them to markets. Agriculture is a vital source of food, fabrics, wood for construction, and paper products.
Evolution in AGRICULTURE
The shift from hunting to farming occurred around 10,000 to 12,000 years ago due to factors like climate change. Early farmers used basic tools, evolving over time to include improved farming tools and methods. Techniques like controlled burning and irrigation contributed to agricultural progress. In the 15th century, explorers introduced new plants, transforming diets globally.
The 1700s marked a significant period of agricultural development with inventions like Jethro Tull’s seed drill and Eli Whitney’s cotton gin. In the 19th century, machinery like Cyrus McCormick’s reaper and John Deere’s plow further modernized farming.
Selective breeding, crop rotation, and advances in farming methods evolved, with notable contributions during the Islamic Golden Age. Between 1960 and 2000, scientific advances and increased power sources revolutionized agriculture, enhancing crop yields and introducing chemicals for pest control.
Hydroponics and aquaculture expanded cultivation methods. The Green Revolution in the mid-20th century boosted grain production but raised environmental and economic concerns. Genetic modification emerged in the 1970s, allowing scientists to alter DNA for desired traits in crops and livestock.
Diverse agricultural methods exist worldwide, influenced by climate, terrain, traditions, and technology. Sustainability and food justice issues challenge industrial agriculture, prompting a need for environmentally friendly solutions and equitable food distribution.
